Abstract Background Drought stress has significantly hampered agricultural productivity worldwide and can also result in modifications to DNA methylation levels. However, the dynamics of DNA methylation and its association with the changes in gene transcription and alternative splicing (AS) under drought stress are unknown in linseed, which is frequently cultivated in arid and semiarid regions. Results We analysed AS events and DNA methylation patterns in drought-tolerant (Z141) and drought-sensitive (NY-17) linseed under drought stress (DS) and repeated drought stress (RD) treatments. We found that the number of intron-retention (IR) and alternative 3’ splice site (Alt3’SS) events were significantly higher in Z141 and NY-17 under drought stress. We found that the linseed response to the DS treatment was mainly regulated by transcription, while the response to the RD treatment was coregulated by transcription and AS. Whole genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed that drought stress caused an increase in the overall methylation level of linseed. Although we did not observe any correlation between differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and differentially spliced genes (DSGs) in this study, we found that the DSGs whose gene body region was hypermethylated in Z141 and hypomethylated in NY-17 were enriched in abiotic stress response Gene Ontology (GO) terms. This finding implies that gene body methylation plays an important role in AS regulation in some specific genes. Conclusion Our study is the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the relationship between linseed methylation changes and AS under drought and repeated drought stress. Our study revealed different interaction patterns between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DSGs under DS and RD treatments and differences between methylation and AS regulation in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive linseed varieties. The findings will probably be of interest in the future. Our results provide interesting insights into the association between gene expression, AS, and DNA methylation in linseed under drought stress. Differences in these associations may account for the differences in linseed drought tolerance.

Functional constipation (FC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders characterized by hard stools and infrequent bowel movements, which is associated with dysfunction of the enteric nervous system and intestinal motility. Luteolin, a naturally occurring flavone, was reported to possess potential pharmacological activities on intestinal inflammation and nerve injury. This study aimed to explore the role of luteolin and its functional mechanism in loperamide-induced FC mice. Our results showed that luteolin treatment reversed the reduction in defecation frequency, fecal water content, and intestinal transit ratio, and the elevation in transit time of FC models. Consistently, luteolin increased the thickness of the muscular layer and lessened colonic histopathological injury induced by loperamide. Furthermore, we revealed that luteolin treatment increased the expression of neuronal protein HuC/D and the levels of intestinal motility-related biomarkers, including substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and acetylcholine (ACh), as well as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) biomarker KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (C-Kit), and anoctamin-1 (ANO1), implying that luteolin mediated enhancement of colonic function and contributed to the anti-intestinal dysmotility against loperamide-induced FC. Additionally, luteolin decreased the upregulation of aquaporin (AQP)-3, AQP-4, and AQP-8 in the colon of FC mice. In summary, our data showed that luteolin might be an attractive option for developing FC-relieving medications.

RESUMO Há alguns problemas, tais como equipamentos antiquados e em menores quantidades em instalações esportivas na Comunidade urbana, o que dificulta que os recursos de exercícios físicos continuem atendendo as necessidades de atividades físicas dos moradores das comunidades. A abertura de recursos desportivos universitários pode atenuar, em certa medida, o problema da dificuldade dos moradores de praticar atividades físicas. A fim de explorar os problemas enfrentados pela abertura dos recursos desportivos universitários, este estudo estabeleceu o modelo de processo hierárquico analítico baseado no processo hierárquico analítico (Analytic Hierarchy Process — AHP) e na Lei Delphi no contexto do serviço público nacional de atividades físicas, combinado com o método de inquérito por questionário para estudar os fatores que influenciam a abertura dos recursos esportivos universitários. O modelo modificado pelo método Delphi contém 6 fatores influenciadores de primeiro nível e 22 fatores influenciadores de segundo nível. Constata-se que o fator de primeiro nível mais importante é o fator físico dos recursos esportivos universitários, e o fator de segundo nível mais importante é a disposição espacial dos recursos esportivos universitários. Os resultados mostram que a melhoria das instalações físicas dos recursos desportivos universitários, a melhoria do modo de gestão dos recursos desportivos e o aumento dos subsídios financeiros e a redução e isenção de impostos são úteis para aumentar a disponibilidade da abertura dos recursos desportivos e melhorar a qualidade dos recursos desportivos abertos. Espera-se que este estudo possa promover o processo de abertura dos recursos esportivos universitários e promover a melhoria contínua do nível de serviço de recursos esportivos.

ABSTRACT There are some problems such as few and old equipment in urban community sports fitness facilities, which makes it difficult for community fitness resources to continue to meet the fitness needs of community residents. The opening of university sports resources can alleviate the problem of residents' fitness difficulty to a certain extent. In order to explore the problems faced by the opening of university sports resources, this study established the analytic hierarchy process model based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi law in the background of national public service of fitness, and combined with the questionnaire survey method to study the influencing factors of opening of college sports. The model modified by the Delphi method contains 6 first-level and 22 second-level influencing factors. It is found that the most important factor in the first level is the hardware factor of college sports resources, and the most important factor of the second level is the spatial layout of university sports resources. The results show that improving the hardware facilities of university sports resources, improving the management mode of sports resources, and increasing the targeted financial subsidies and tax reduction and exemption are helpful to enhance the willingness to open sports resources and improve the quality of opened sports resources. It is hoped that this study can promote the opening of college sports resources and promote the continuous improvement of the service level of sports resources.

RESUMEN Explorar los problemas que enfrenta la apertura de los recursos deportivos universitarios, este estudio estableció el proceso de jerarquía analítica (PJA) y la ley Delphi en el contexto del servicio público nacional de educación física, y los combinó con la encuesta por cuestionario para estudiar los factores que influyen en la apertura de los deportes universitarios. El modelo modificado por el método Delphi contiene 6 factores de influencia de primer nivel y 22 de segundo nivel. Encontramos que el factor más importante en el primer nivel es el factor hardware de los recursos deportivos universitarios, y el factor más importante del segundo nivel es la distribución espacial de los recursos deportivos universitarios. Los resultados muestran que mejorar las instalaciones de hardware de los recursos deportivos universitarios, mejorar el modo de gestión de los recursos deportivos y aumentar los subsidios financieros específicos y la reducción y exención de impuestos son útiles para mejorar la disposición a abrir recursos deportivos y mejorar la calidad de los recursos deportivos abiertos. Esperamos que este estudio pueda promover la apertura de recursos deportivos universitarios y promover la mejora continua del nivel de servicio de los recursos deportivos.

O efeito da adição de Nb, na microestrutura e nas propriedades mecânicas e de resistência à corrosão dos aços martensíticos com 13% Cr, foi investigado. Excelente resistência mecânica final e suficiente tenacidade e alongamento foram obtidos em aços contendo baixo teor de elementos intersticiais (0.01%N e C < 0.02%) e com adição de 0.10%Nb. O efeito do Nb, também, foi estudado em uma amostra industrial contendo maiores teores de N e adição de V. As propriedades mecânicas obtidas, no aço contendo 0.10% Nb, mostraram-se, significativamente, maiores que aquelas obtidas com o aço contendo V e maior teor de N. A microestrutura, morfologia e dispersão de precipitados, bem como a fração volumétrica de austenita revertida, foram, também, caracterizadas. O tamanho e a dispersão dos precipitados formados a partir dos elementos microligantes contribuem para aumentar a resistência mecânica, enquanto a formação de austenita revertida auxilia na obtenção de tenacidade e ductilidade. Quanto à resistência à corrosão por pite, o desempenho do aço 13Cr5Ni1Mo com maior teor de Nb e menor quantidade de N foi, surpreendentemente, melhor em comparação ao desempenho das demais composições estudadas.

The effect of Nb microalloying on structure and physical properties of quenched and tempered 13%Cr martensitic stainless steel was investigated. Excellent strength and adequate toughness properties were obtained by 0.10 wt% Nb addition to low interstitial (N 0.01wt%, C < 0.02wt%) steel. The effect of Nb in 13%Cr steels with high N content was also studied in a commercial martensitic stainless steel sample containing higher levels of N and also alloyed with V. The microstructure, precipitate morphology and dispersion and volume fraction of reverse austenite were characterized. The strength properties obtained in the steel with 0.10%Nb are significantly higher than those of the V-containing steel. The study shows that whereas amount, size and dispersion of precipitates of microalloying elements contribute to enhanced strength, the optimum volume fraction of reverse austenite formed contributes to enhanced ductility and toughness properties. More importantly, high Nb additions to low N -13%Cr-1%Mo steel are found to improve significantly resistance against pitting corrosion significantly.